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Refugees in Jordan rose with the uprising against the Syrian government and its President Bashar al-Assad. Close to 2000 Syrians per day began pouring into Jordan to reside in its refugee camps. As a small, aid-dependent country already suffering from financial and environmental issues, the number of Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan has created a strain on the country's resources, especially water and agriculture.〔 As one of the top ten driest countries in the world, Jordanians' livelihood is already at risk, and the influx of new residents has only exacerbated the issue of water scarcity. ==Syrian Civil War refugees== In the wake of the uprising against the Syrian government and its President Bashar al-Assad, beginning in 2011,〔 close to 2000 Syrians per day began pouring into Jordan to reside in the first refugee camp near Mafraq, created by the UNHCR.〔 As a small, aid-dependent country, already suffering from financial and environmental issues, the number of Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan has strained the country's resources especially water and agriculture.〔 Jordan is one of the top ten driest countries in the world which endangers its citizens' livelihoods.〔 The huge number of refugees has resulted in humanitarian aid organizations requesting more money and assistance from international powers. As of November 2015, UNHCR reported that there are 4,289,994 Syrian "persons of concern" of whom 630,776 are registered as refugees in Jordan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Syria Regional Refugee Response )〕 There are about 1.4 million Syrian refugees in Jordan, only 20 percent are living in the Za’atari, Marjeeb al-Fahood, Cyber City and Al-Azraq refugee camps.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Syrian Refugees A snapshot of the crisis – in the middle east and europe )〕 With the majority of the Syrian refugees interspersed throughout the state, especially in Amman, Irbid, Al-Mafraq, and Jerash,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Syria Regional Refugee Response )〕 environmental resources are scarce for both Syrians and their Jordanian hosts. This increases pressure on Jordan’s infrastructure, specifically the provision of water supplies, sanitation facilities, housing, and energy. As Syrians continue to flow into Jordan, tensions continue to rise and create pressure on its society.〔 Tensions between Jordanian hosts and Syrian refugees are most prevalent in the cities and surrounding areas outside of refugee camps, where the majority have been relocated. In absorbing space, resources, jobs, and water over an extended period of time, these Syrian refugees might soon come into conflict with Jordanian residents. The "true" cost of hosting the refugees includes electricity and water subsidies costing the Jordanian government around $3,000 per year, per Syrian, as well as half of the Health Ministry's budget for medical care or $350 million. Roughly 160,000 jobs have been given to illegal Syrian workers while 20 percent of Jordan's citizens remain unemployed. According to the UN high commissioner’s figures, the Azraq refugee camp had fewer than 23,000 refugees as of August 2105 though its capacity is 50,000. The UN plans call for Azraq to hold more than 100,000 Syrians, making it the largest refugee camp in Jordan. The nearby Zaatari camp has about 80,000 refugees, according to the UN agency.〔 Overall, Jordan has taken in more than 630,000 registered Syrians since the crisis began in 2011, and Jordanian government estimates place the total refugee count including unregistered migrants at over 1.4 million. The United States has provided nearly $668 million in support, promising $3 billion over the next three years in general aid to support the Syrian government.〔 Jordan is stepping up its scrutiny of incoming refugees having determined that many people waiting on the Syrian-Jordanian border are not Syrians and could, in fact, be tied to foreign fighter groups.〔 In another development, in late 2015, aid officials and refugees themselves said that Syrians, sensing that the war in their homeland will not end in the near future, are leaving Jordan for Europe in growing numbers encouraged friends and relatives who are already there, pushed out by cuts in UN food aid. Jordan says it hosts more than 1 million Syrians in total, but the numbers are starting to fall. The UN’s World Food Programme, which feeds more than half a million refugees in Jordan, says the number of aid recipients fell by about 2,000 in September and 3,000 in October. In a random survey of refugees in October 2015 by the UNHCR, 25 per cent said they were actively planning to leave Jordan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Refugees in Jordan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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